If you want to learn one programming language, it should be Python

Of course, you want the most popular and the most valuable.

According to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , it is Python, the clear winner.

Here are the top ten in its rankings:

Why Python?

The answer appears to the fact that it iss now used for embedded applications and because it has beefed up its repertoire related to AI and Machine learning. It is for this reason R language (somewhat speccialized) has seen some decline.

Microsoft C# is still handing there at 5 and probably its place will be solid 5 for all types of programming - Web, desktop and Mobile. SQL is also there but does not show up as top 10 which is understandable given its area of usage.

Well here is the first 20. Find if your favorite is here

Well, you may want to know the basis for the ranking. You can get to know here.

You can find a lot of posts on R and Python on this site.

You can find a lot of Python and R posts in my blogs.

Go here to create apps that work with SQL Server

This is a very useful site that you should acquaint yourself with. You can create apps that work with SQL Server with all of the following:

C#
Java
NodeJS
PHP
Python

on

Windows
macOS
RHEL
UBUNTU
SLES (Suse...)

You need to start at this link:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server/developer-get-started/

Generate database object scripts with mulit-platform tool mssql-scripts

In your SSMS on your computer you can use the Generate Scripts drop-down
menu to create scripts for database objects as shown here for Northwind database on SQL Server 2016 SP1.

The above is for SQL Server on Windows Platform. However, mssql-scripts tool provide the same functionality as Generate Scripts wizard on SQL Servers on Linux and macOS. Of course mssql-scripts would work on Windows as well.

Using mssql-scripts based on Python you can generate T-SQL scripts for objects on SQL Servers, Azure SQL database and Azure SQL Data Warehouse. The generated script is saved to a .sql file or on Linux can be piped to standard Unix utilities (sed, awk and grep). The scripts can be checked into source control systems as well.

The source code for mssql-scripter is found here:
https://github.com/Microsoft/sql-xplat-cli

SQL Server Backend for WebApps

We live in a data-centric world.

Data in your store changes with time and you may have to handle data that need to scale. It follows that the applications that you build should scale. Also the developers who work for you may be more proficient in one programming language than the other. Azure Web Apps using SQL and NoSQL database backends are most suited, as scaling is built into Azure. Further Azure Web apps can be written in a number of languages that include: 

• .NET
• Java
• PHP
• Node.js
• Python

Most developers can handle two or more from the above list.

Infrastructure management is highly automated and scaling is no problem as Auto scaling capability helps you to go up or down depending on your traffic.

Web Apps with backend are really crucial for your business and your backend can be SQL Database (relational) or NoSQL (non-relational). Microsoft can handle both types, relational with SQL Azure database and NoSQL with DocumentDB (service that helps you to store, index and query JSON-based data. Review references for DocumentDB on Hodentek blog at the conclusion of this post.

You are not sure but would like to try it out for free. Here is the link (https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/documentation/scenarios/web-app/) where you can get started.

Free trial may be available only for new users. I have been using Azure since it's beta and I have tried to get the free service but I have not been successful. This may be different now.

References:
Format SQL Response in JSON Format
Moving data to DocumentDB
Data store for IOT
Getting to know DocumentDB-2
Getting to know DocumentDB-1
Signing up for Azure DocumentDB
DocumentDB is announced